
The revolution was unusual for the surprise it created throughout the world. It lacked many of the customary causes of revolution (defeat in war, a financial crisis, peasant rebellion, or disgruntled military) occurred in a nation that was experiencing relative prosperity;[9][16] produced profound change at great speed; was massively popular; resulted in the exile of many Iranians;[20] and replaced a pro-Western authoritarian monarchy with an anti-Western theocracy based on the concept of velayat-e faqih (or Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists)
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