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The archaeological transition from the Ubaid period to the Uruk period is marked by a gradual shift from painted pottery domestically produced on a slow wheel to a great variety of unpainted pottery mass-produced by specialists on fast wheels. The Uruk period is a continuation and an outgrowth of Ubaid with pottery being the main visible change. Uruk King-priest feeding the sacred herd, The king-priest and his acolyte feeding the sacred herd. Uruk period, c. 3200 BC, Cylinder seal of the Uruk period and its impression, c. 3100 BC - Louvre Museum By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence of captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and as far east as western Iran
The Lost Civilization Of The Sumerians
The archaeological transition from the Ubaid period to the Uruk period is marked by a gradual shift from painted pottery domestically produced on a slow wheel to a great variety of unpainted pottery mass-produced by specialists on fast wheels. The Uruk period is a continuation and an outgrowth of Ubaid with pottery being the main visible change. Uruk King-priest feeding the sacred herd, The king-priest and his acolyte feeding the sacred herd. Uruk period, c. 3200 BC, Cylinder seal of the Uruk period and its impression, c. 3100 BC - Louvre Museum By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence of captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and as far east as western Iran