
The viewpoints of well-known Iranian politicians like Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902–1989) and thinkers like Ali Shari'ati (1933–1977) and Jalal Al-e Ahmad (1923–1969) also verify this anti-colonial attitude, because they rejected Western supremacy, wanted Iran to return to its true self, and showed their antagonism towards the increasing Western, specifically American, hegemony in Iran (Abbas,2006). However, after twelve years of negotiations, in 2013, during the presidency of the moderate Rouhani, Iran and world powers arrived at an agreement to lift international sanctions in exchange for curbs on Iran's nuclear program (Tharoor, 2015). Since then, the two countries have increased their trade volume to USD 30 billion by 2015 (Paris, 2014 ).
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